Enamel

Enamel is the highly mineralised outer layer covering the visible part of a tooth, made mostly of hydroxyapatite crystals. It serves as the primary defence against bacterial acids, wear from chewing and small impacts; unlike other tissues in the mouth, enamel is non-living and cannot repair itself once lost.

Keeping enamel healthy relies on regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, limiting acidic and sugary foods and drinks, and professional advice when needed; early enamel demineralisation may be stabilised with remineralisation treatments, while more extensive enamel loss can require restorative care such as composite bonding, veneers or crowns to restore function and appearance.