Lingual Surface

The lingual surface is the tooth surface that faces the tongue and is commonly used to describe lower teeth and many upper teeth (the upper counterpart is sometimes called the palatal surface). It comprises the portions of the crown from the incisal or occlusal edge down to the gum line on the tongue side, and is anatomically opposite the buccal or labial surface; its shape and contour vary between anterior and posterior teeth.

Clinically, the lingual surface is important because its grooves and contours can trap plaque and contribute to decay, influence speech and biting patterns, and affect the fit and appearance of restorations. Dentists assess lingual surfaces when diagnosing cavities, wear or damage and when planning treatments such as composite restorations, crowns or whitening, since access and technique must account for the surface’s position and functional demands.