Periapical X-ray

A periapical X-ray is a focused dental radiograph that shows an entire tooth in a single image, including the crown, root and the adjacent bone. The image is taken with a small film or digital sensor placed inside the mouth close to the tooth while an X-ray beam passes through from outside; this gives a detailed view of the tooth tip (apex) and surrounding structures that cannot be seen in a normal visual exam.

Periapical X-rays are commonly used to diagnose root infections, abscesses, fractures, cysts and bone loss around a tooth, and to plan or monitor treatments such as root canal therapy. The procedure is quick, requires no special preparation, and exposes the patient to a low dose of radiation; dentists interpret these images alongside clinical findings to guide treatment decisions.