Radiograph

A radiograph, commonly called an X-ray, is an image created by passing a controlled amount of X-ray radiation through the head to capture differences in tissue density. In dentistry these images can be obtained as bitewing, periapical, panoramic radiographs or three-dimensional cone beam CT (CBCT) scans, each providing distinct views of teeth, tooth roots, jawbone and surrounding structures.

Dental professionals use radiographs to detect cavities between teeth, assess bone levels and root health, identify infections, cysts or impacted teeth, and to plan treatments such as implants or root canal therapy. Modern dental radiography uses low radiation doses and protective measures; clinicians will recommend imaging when the expected diagnostic benefit outweighs any minimal risk.