Amalgam (Dental)

Dental amalgam is a restorative material composed of liquid elemental mercury combined with a powdered metal alloy, typically containing silver, tin and copper. It has been used for many decades to fill cavities because it sets into a hard, wear-resistant substance that can withstand biting forces; placement involves removing decayed tooth tissue, shaping the cavity and packing the amalgam into place where it condenses and hardens to restore function.

Although amalgam is strong and long-lasting, it is silver-grey in appearance and therefore less aesthetic than tooth-coloured options. Concerns about mercury exposure have prompted research and regulation, and while major health organisations consider properly placed amalgam fillings safe for most people, many patients now choose alternatives such as composite fillings, porcelain inlays/onlays or gold restorations based on cosmetic preferences, environmental considerations and specific clinical needs.