Bruxism

Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, which may happen during sleep (sleep bruxism) or while awake (awake bruxism). It is commonly associated with stress, anxiety, abnormal bite alignment (malocclusion) or sleep disorders, and typical signs include worn or chipped teeth, increased tooth sensitivity, jaw muscle soreness and frequent headaches.

Diagnosis is based on a dental examination, patient history and sometimes sleep assessment if a sleep disorder is suspected. Management aims to protect the teeth and relieve symptoms through measures such as occlusal splints (night guards), behavioural strategies and stress management, and when necessary restorative treatments like crowns, inlays/onlays or composite bonding to repair damage; referral to a medical or sleep specialist may be advised for complex cases.