Calculus (Dental)

Calculus (Dental), commonly called tartar, is mineralised dental plaque that forms on tooth surfaces and along the gumline when saliva and gingival fluid deposit calcium and phosphate into a bacterial biofilm. It appears as yellowish to brown, hard deposits that are firmly attached to enamel or root surfaces and cannot be removed by routine brushing or flossing alone.

When left untreated, calculus encourages further plaque accumulation, increases the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis, and can lead to deeper periodontal pockets, tooth decay and persistent bad breath. Dental professionals remove calculus with scaling and root planing or ultrasonic instruments, and prevention focuses on effective daily oral hygiene and regular professional cleanings to minimise reformation.