Caries

Caries is the medical term for tooth decay, a process in which acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque gradually demineralise and destroy the hard tissues of the tooth (enamel and dentine). It often begins as small, hard-to-see areas of enamel demineralisation and can progress to cavities, sensitivity, pain, and infection if left untreated.

Prevention focuses on reducing plaque and sugar exposure through regular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, dietary changes, and routine dental check-ups, and professional measures such as topical fluoride and sealants can help protect vulnerable teeth. When caries has caused structural damage, dentists restore the tooth with conservative fillings, inlays or onlays, crowns, or, if the pulp is infected, root canal treatment to relieve pain and preserve the tooth.