Dentin Hypersensitivity

Dentin hypersensitivity occurs when dentin—the layer beneath the tooth enamel and cementum—becomes exposed and allows stimulation of the tiny channels (dentinal tubules) that lead to the nerve. People with this condition usually report brief, sharp pain triggered by cold drinks, hot foods, sweet or acidic foods, air, or brushing; common causes include enamel erosion, gum recession exposing the root surface, aggressive brushing, tooth grinding, and some dental procedures.

Diagnosis is usually made by clinical examination and symptom history, and management focuses on reducing exposure of dentin and blocking the nerve response. Home measures include using desensitizing toothpaste, a soft toothbrush, gentle brushing technique and avoiding acidic foods, while in-clinic options can include fluoride varnishes, bonding agents or resin sealants to cover exposed tubules, and periodontal treatments such as gum grafting when recession is significant; many patients experience meaningful reduction in symptoms with appropriate care.