Keratinized Gingiva

Keratinized gingiva is the band of firm, pink gum tissue that extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and includes the attached gingiva. This tissue is covered by a keratinized (toughened) epithelial layer, which makes it more resistant to mechanical forces such as chewing and toothbrushing compared with the non-keratinized alveolar mucosa.

The width and thickness of keratinized gingiva are clinically important because they help protect underlying structures from inflammation and recession and can influence the outcome of dental treatments. When the keratinized tissue is thin or narrow, dental professionals may assess oral hygiene approaches and consider procedures to increase or protect this tissue to reduce the risk of gum recession and support long-term oral health.