Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an advanced form of gum disease that occurs when bacterial plaque and tartar build up around the teeth and under the gumline, causing inflammation that progresses deeper into the supporting structures. Common signs include swollen, bleeding, or receding gums, persistent bad breath, loose teeth, and formation of periodontal pockets where bacteria collect; the condition can lead to tooth loss and may be linked with systemic health issues if left untreated.

Diagnosis typically involves a dental examination, periodontal probing to measure pocket depths, and dental X-rays to assess bone loss. Treatment aims to control infection and prevent further damage through thorough cleaning (scaling and root planing), possible use of local or systemic antibiotics, and in advanced cases surgical therapies to reduce pockets or regenerate tissue; maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental care are essential to manage and prevent recurrence.